Outline for How to Write an Essay

The writing of an essay will have your traditional introduction, body and conclusion, but I will show you how to formulate them in a different way, while still showing the importance of each stage and its function. The identification of the audience will come first, then the body of the essay, next the conclusion, and finally, introductions with the thesis statement. I will introduce you to different rhetorical tools, and how to place them in your essay. These rhetorical tools will help reach the audience in effective way.

Outline
I. Identify Audience 
    A. Type of Essay
    B. Attention Getter
    C. Relate to the Audience
    D. Questions
II. Body
    A. Outlining
         1. Traditional
         2. Free write
             a. help create more ideas
    B. Essay Body still will have introduction, body, and conclusion
         1. From the body we get the conclusion and the introduction.
    C. Conclusion
         1. The grand finale to the essay.
         2. The thesis can be discovered.
         3. A better understanding of the topic at hand.
    D. Introduction
         1. Attention Getter
         2. Brief explanation about what is written.
         3. Thesis Statement
             a. declaration of the main message of the essay.
    E. Rhetorical Terms
        1.The writer's main purpose is to see make the audience see the message through their eyes.
        2. The main purpose
             a. to persuade, to inform, to entertain, to shock, a call to action, or to educate.
   F. Rhetorical  Tools
        1. Greater meaning and depth to the essay.
        2. Examples
            a. Narrative
            b. Rhetorical Gazes
            c. Other Examples
   G. Peer Reviews
        1. Helps the writer to become a better writer.
        2. If the writer reach the desired audience.
   H.Completion and Finalization
III. Conclusion
   A. Which was written after the body will be place here.

Impact of the Writing Process

The impact of the writing process can be a different journey for everyone, but given the proper tools and an outline it can be helpful process.The biggest impact for me was to discover who my audience will be.The impact of writing with rhetorical gazes helped to make the audience understand things in more visual way. There was also the understanding of the historical and cultural  background  of a gaze,when establishing the audience's understanding. This is helpful because it can lay the foundation of the paper. Once the audience is established then the writing process can begin. In the beginning it is always good to complete a free write or traditional outline. This will help get the ideas flowing, and make it easier to construct the body of the paper. The body is the heart of the paper. It is where the ideas and structure of the paper come into play. When constructing the body remember that there are no confinements. It's the first draft, so write what comes to mind. It is helpful to write the body first because their are no limitations, and writing becomes more natural. After, the body is finished gather the information and concluded the paper. It can be foreign for some to complete the body and conclusion before the introduction with the thesis statement. This element can be very helpful in that if you don't have the meat (the body) how will you begin (the introduction) to cook it (thesis). Once
the body, conclusion, and introduction are pieced together have a another take a look at your draft, and another. The best writer's have their paper's read over and over, because they are the audience and the writer needs to know if they have been reached.  It can be hard at first, but it is a definite must for a great paper.

Process Explanation

In the methodology of process of explanation there first, must be the consideration of the audience, and second, what type of approach will be taken. Once the audience and approach has been addressed you can begin a free write. Allowing oneself to get there ideas out on paper can help create a better foundation for the body of the paper. It also will assist in the outline. There is the traditional outline and a free write outline. The body is the heart of any essay. This is the writer's opportunity to draft any ideas in a more concrete manner. It will help construction the conclusion, even before the introduction is written. Once the direction of the essay has been determined the author can choose the rhetorical tools to be used within the essay. There is the use of a narrative, cause and effect, rhetorical gazes, comparison and contrast, extended classification and definition, and certain rhetorical terms within the essay. A process of explanation essay will explain in depth how to do something and how it occurs. It must accurate and very detail oriented. The introduction will introduce the topic at hand. It will contain the thesis, which is the main purpose of the paper. It will also restate the objectives the writer wants the audience to learn or know when explaining how to do something.

Peer Review of Alexis Olivas & Gerg Norgard

http://alexisolivas.blogspot.com/

The process of explanation Blog 11A touched on all the various parts such as body, and drafting. You need to talk more about how to use or instruct by the use of narratives, and being more detailed and accurate in the instruction. Talk more about the thesis. How it is used to persuade and provide a road map.
Good Job!

http://gregnorgard.blogspot.com/

You stated a few facts about Process Explanation. Try taking a more detailed approach of like and outline. Starting with the drafting process proceed by the conclusion. The process does two things, first it is step by step instruction, and second how it occurs. The use of narratives can be used. The instruction needs to be detailed and accurate. The thesis is used to persuade and tell the audience where the author is headed.

The explanation needed just a little more depth. Good Job!

Methodology of Process Explanation Essay

The Process Explanation Essay will use process and explanation rhetorical tools to explain how to do something, and how it occurs. The difference with this essay is there is the allowance of the first and third person when used in a narrative. This essay is similar to a narrative in that it is in chronological order, and it tells a story. This story, however, has the same ending every time. The product is produced step by step. The instructions are there to help the audience follow them with ease. They are detailed and accurate.While explaining the steps there a why is given. Just like any good chef, while teaching another to cook, they explain why, for example,this type of flour or olive oil produces a better baked bread. The why helps us perform, and it makes a better connection with the audience. There must be accuracy because these are steps on how to produce a particular product. The thesis statement will be presented in two ways, persuading the information or presenting the information. There MUST be the identification of who the author's audience is. The essay will be most effective if it uses a powerful rhetorical gaze

Importance of an Introduction

Whenever there is a paper to be written there are various rhetorical tools that used. First, there is usually the creation of the body of the paper, but the paper needs a beginning and a ending. The beginning of the paper, also known as introduction, will lay the foundation for the paper. It can make or break the paper. There is a need for an attention getter, something to engage the audience into further reading of the paper. Then an brief explanation of the topic of the paper. The introduction will have a thesis statement, a declaration of the main reason the topic has been selected. There is a need to state the goals of reaching the audience, and the support behind the topic. The introduction is the transition into the body of the paper. It must establish its points, so the audience is aware of what they need to look for to support the thesis.

The Outline For Introduction:
I. Introduction.
    A. Attention Getter
         1. Topic Explanation
    B. Thesis Statement
         1. Goals of Reaching Audience
    C. Transition into Body

Extended Classification & Definition

When looking further into the development of Classification and Definition Essay there is more of figurative dissection of the topic at hand. The use of classification and division makes more sense of something that can be clearly vague. It takes a topic, such as trust, and develops into categories. These categories are then ranked into a hierarchy, which is the development from important to least important, or vice verse. Classification will categorize into groups based on their key ideas, or things that are very similar. Division takes the topic and divides it into various parts. It will identify division into specifics according to their various parts. There will be a thesis that will identify the topic. It will introduce the categories that will be discussed, and the relationships within the subject. There is the structure of the Classification and Division, with the Introduction. The introduction will contain the topic, principle, categories, a thesis road map, and transitions to main. The body is the heart of the essay, where the hierarchy is developed. Then concluding with the restating of the main points, and the thesis stated in a different way.

Trust Extended Defintions

We have all experienced trust in some shape or form. It allows for vulnerability, making one open to areas of there lives that they may not allow all people into. In the article, Trust and Trust Building, by Roy J. Lewicki and Edward C. Tomlinson, they discuss what trust is and it's origin and it's development. The theory on the origins of interpersonal trust can be defined in the individual propensity to trust, dimensions of trustworthy behavior, and suggest levels of trust development.

The individual propensity to trust can be seen in the old age theory that some are more likely to trust than others. This can be seen as a stable trait, and it is usually expected over time. This expectancy is earned in that of individuals with a prior social interaction. It has been identified that other individuals allow to form trust on high levels, rather than the expectancy of a few encounters.

In the dimensions of trustworthy behavior, trust in another individual, can be seen in the evaluation of their integrity. The more we see these characteristics in the person, we can allow the trust to develop. We evaluate dimensions in the ability, integrity, and benevolence of the individual.  "Ability refers to an  assessment of the other's knowledge, skill, or competency" (Lewicki & Tomlinson). In this dimension there is a recognition that there is some need to meet the trust or's expectations. Integrity is the degree in which the individual follows the principles that are acceptable to the trust or. In this dimension trust is based on past encounters, effective communication, fairness, and being consistent in word and action. Benevolence is the assessment where the individual is more concerned with the welfare to increase our interest. The motives of the trustee are that of being honest, having open communication, delegating decisions, and sharing are indicate evidence of benevolence.

The levels of trust development dimension there is a standard that trust does not grow. Recent approaches of trust imply that there is hierarchy and stages of trust. Trust will grow stronger and evolve. In the early stage, trust is a calculus-base (CBT), this is where the individual will behave in a given situation based on rewards or not being rewarded  for their behavior. CBT is mainly cognitively driven idea, and it is the judgement of the individuals actions. Then there is the identification-based trust (IBT) is where the individuals are aware of goals and values. This where trust grows to its highest level, and there is a deep sense of caring. It is very emotionally driven.

Defintions

The use of definitions within a essay are important because they are used to paint a more vivid realistic view for our audience. The use of the introduction, body and conclusion will be used when explaining a definition. There are various ways to explain a definition to the audience.There are two types formal and extended definitions. A formal definition is the typical Webster Dictionary answer. It does not expand further information other than the term and formal definition. The extended definition will expand, provide examples, be descriptive, and compare and contrast. Definitions have a process from beginning to end. There will be classification and division providing a order of things. A good definition provides the audience with authority, or research behind the topic. 

In the body of extended definition there will be the use of synonyms, which is things that have similiar meanings. There is negation, which shows what something is and what it is not. Analogies are also used to expand on the topic. The definition will have origin and development, which is where it began and where is it headed. Finally, the conclusion will recap the why, the key moments, it will remind the audience of the issue at hand, and it will encourage furture study.

Rhetorical Terms

The use of rhetoric in a subject specific essay is used to modify the perspective of others, to see the author's viewpoint. When using subject specific rhetorical tools there must be careful consideration of the audience.The subject will appeal to certain audiences naturally, but the goal is to make the audience see the main purpose through the writer's eyes. There must me the identification of purpose of the writing for a subject specific essay. There is the purpose to persuade, to inform, to entertain, to shock, a call to action, or to educate. The rhetoric in a subject specific essay is there to make us more aware of the audience and the purpose of the writing. The identification of the two can develop the language of rhetoric within the essay.

The five rhetorical terms that are used within a visual, compare and contrast essay are visual gaze, historical and cultural settings, the analysis, elements and contrast, and contrasting. First, the use of a visual gaze is to remind the audience of a specific thing. The example of the familial gaze, which is intended for a small intimate group. Second, the use of historical and cultural settings. The knowledge of why and where can assist the writer in developing more of a foundation for the essay. Third, the analysis breaks into the individual text, leading the writer and audience to begin thinking about the choices that were made within the image. Fourth, elements and contrast are the phrases, colors, and individual images used to form an overall,  cohesive meaning of the text. Finally, the term contrast is the difference between elements such that make the visual distinguishable.

Compare and Contrast

 Compare and contrast are the ways in which we view at our world around us. The word compare means to define what is similar, and contrast means to define what is different. There are many ways to compare and contrast something. The use of analogies, and the way we set up our language with in the paper help us make our point. Then there are the two structures formed for our compare and contrast. These two structures are what set the stage for the comparsion and contrast.They are Subject by Subject, and Point by Point. Both will get you to the conclusion. It is just deciding which formula works best for your essay.

There is use of analogies to compare things that are similar in some ways, and other ways they are not. An example would be, You are as annoying as nails on a chalkboard. This would imply that the person is realing annoying. When comparing and contrasting there is certain language that is used. Words or phrase that are used are in contrast too, the advantage or disvantage, and let us evaluate the two, are just a few ways to compare and contrast.

Now, we have the two structures that help us reach our conclusion. The first structure is Subject by Subject. This where you take theh first item,and say what you need to about it. Then you do the same with the second. Finally, you take their similarities and differences. The second structure is Point by Point. This where you take one aspect and compare it to the other, then next aspect, and so forth. There are no hard rules for compare and contrast essay. You just need make sure that your audience is following the direction in which you, as the writer, are taking them.

Rhetorical Gazes

Rhetorical gazes are used to make your audience think about what they are reading in a visual way. The visual gaze should remind the audience about a specific thing. There are many different types of gazes. There is the familial gaze which is intended to remind the reader of people and places in a more intimate setting. Like, the picture below we have the amazing Golden Gate Bridge where my son, Henry and I, spent the afternoon at Chrissy Field exploring, and enjoying the amazing view. The bridge itself is national monument, but placing the people in the view makes it much more intimate.

There also traveling gazes, persuading the audience to venture to the author's desired destination. The food gaze that if the author prepares the meal with their words you will become very hungry. The sports gaze that can bring out the inner fan. The political gaze that helps you visual a political stance. The list goes on on. The idea is make the audience see what you are seeing through their words.

The audience will see using elements, contrast, and analysis. The elements are where the author uses phrase, colors , individual images used to form an overall, cohesive meaning of the text. The contrast is the difference between the different elements. The analysis is thinking about what and why the author made those choices. There must be a historical and cultural setting to understand the visual, and it's full effect on the audience.

Cause and Effect

The cause and effect approach can be very affective when the author is trying to reach their audience. I like to think of dominos, all lined up in a row. The person who took all that time to set up the dominos is going to watch them fall with one slight tap. The cause of the dominos falling is the slight tap, and the effect is the domino's no longer standing. When we write we need to think of the domino effect. The benefits are that the reader will begin to recognize a pattern, and identify questions to make the reading more memorable or interesting.

The reader can best analyze the cause and effect by identifying the Chain of Cause. First recognizing the contributory causes which are the things that surround the main cause. Let's use the example of frozen ice outside. What elements contributed to the the ice freezing? The temperature outside, the water, the snow, a storm, there could be many. Second, identify the main cause. The ice outside frozen due to horrible winter storm that made the temperatures drop below freezing. Third, what was the immediate effect? The roads and streets became treacherous. Last, what were the remote effects of the ice? People were slipping off the roads, and there were numerous accidents. People who wrecked their cars had to buy new ones.

The cause and affect approach is very helpful in all forms of writing. If you can recognize the change, and ask yourself analytical questions your may be able to reach your audience in an effective way.

Peer Reviews

When ever any kind of paper, article, book, or any other kind of written work is produced there needs to be some sort of editing process. The work needs to be evaluted. It must go through the process of editing. One, of the most important types of editing is that of the author's peers. When an author writes a narrative, for example, they must know their audience. How can they know if their audience has been reached in an effective manner if  the narrative has not been reviewed by one of their peers? The answer is they do not know if the made their point if someone else has not reviewed the narrative. Second, a peer review is their to offer another person's perspective. They can see something you missed whether it be an idea, spelling, grammar, or just helping with the organization of the work. Finally, the peer review is there to give clarification to narrative, to help the author reach the audience, and to make sure the story reaches it's prospective audience.

Authurian Rhetorical Tools

Mary Frances Zambreno's artictle Why Do Some Stories Keep Returning? Modern Authurian Fiction and the Narrative Structure of Romance she tells us why author's keep coming back to the age old story of King Arthur and his Knights of the Roundtable. She explains that the story is one that is easy to retell because of how it is, "organized and presented".  It also leaves a opportunity for later generations to make it into a story of there own. Zambreno defines the rhetorical tools that make Authurian narrative retellable time and time again. Through the use of mutability or plasticity, piecemeal, windows of opportunity, and open-ended closure.

First,Mutability or plasticity is the way the material can be reshaped for new audiences. The characters play a huge role in adaptibility. For example, some tales protray the story as more of a forbidden romance between Queen Gwenhwyfar and Lancelot. While others will protray war over romance. Second, piecemeal the nature of Authurian narrative, the way the story has been pieced to gether from different sources, that encouraged later adaptions. Third, windows of opportunity is the gap left by the very nature of Britain, that leaves windows open for other stories, and view points to enter in. The Arthurian legend gives later authors the opportunity to have space to work. Finally, we look at the open-ended closure. This where the author turns over the key. If the reader wants more they may have to do some research, or even write the continuation for themselves,.

Narratives Continued...

Here is a refresher of what a narrative essay is. It is an essay that tells us a story. The narrative happens in a sequence of events. These events are placed in a logical, and chronlogical order. In a narrative it is better if we know our audience.  It can be easier to get our thesis out when we know more about who we are writing for. We have the triangle with the rhetor, text, and the audience. They all effect each other by tying the story together.

The next part goes into more about the structure of an narrative. We have already established that a narrative is a story. The narrative tells us why, and who. How do we construct this narrative beyond the usual outline of introduction, body, and conclusion? First dig into the body of the text. We establish a theme, a setting, a plot, and characters. The theme tells the reader the message behind the story. It also explains the motives of characters within the story. Second, the setting establishes where and when the story took place. Third, the plot takes from the beginning to the end, describing the event, how characters react to the event, what will the characters do, and what is the final result. Finally, the characters are the people who play a role in the story. They create the roles in which the story takes place. Once the body of the narrative has been established you will find much easier to write your thesis and conclusion

The Narrative

The importance of narrative is to support a logical argument. The narrative is a sequence of events that fall in a chronological order. Its purpose is to tell a story of what, why, whom and how. It can be formulated with a plot, theme, characters, and setting. These parts can make easier for you, as the author, to relay your story.

The narrative uses rhetorical tools to reach a desired audience by a triangle. In this triangle there consists the rhetor, the text, and audience. They all interact to create the flow of the narrative. The rhetor is the author, who through the use of descriptive writing expresses a life experience. The rhetor knows that we learn through life experiences, but to reach the reader they must discover there audience through culture, and the time frame. The text can be the object of focus, either being visual, or even oral. All the angles of the narrative triangle must meet for the story to end in a proper way.

Essay Structure and The Writing Process

The dreaded essay can be easily formulated if one has the right tools. Once the formula is created the writing process can begin. The basic introduction, body, and conclusion is always a must. There are two ways to build an essay the "traditional outline" and "the free write outline".

 The "traditional" outline would follow as you start with your introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction has a thesis statement, and the thesis is a roadmap that introduces the topics of the essay. Next, the body of the essay. The body supports the thesis. It educates the audience, and motivates the reader towards the goal of understanding the writer's point of view. Finally, bringing the essay to a conclusion. The thesis will be restated, but in a different way. There is a brief summary of the key elements.

The "free write outline" is the idea that writing an essay can begin with the body itself.. The idea of starting with the body of the essay can evoke ideas that will help construction a better introduction and conclusion. The essay stills needs the fundamentals listed in a "traditional essay", but once you have allowed freedom in the body of the text the essay will come together. The conclusion and the introduction come next. How can one begin an introduction, or a good-bye of someone if they do not know them? The same goes with the essay. If you do not know the body of the text. How can it be introduced and concluded? Free- write the essay and the rest will fall into place.